MARCH 2022

VOlUME 05 ISSUE 03 MARCH 2022
Rigidity of Caste System in India and the History of Religious Conversion: A Step Taken by the Sufferers in Order to Protect Their Self-Honour
Dr. Sarita Sahay
Former Academic Counsellor, Indira Gandhi National Open University, SIRD, Ranchi - 834005, Jharkhand, India
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i3-59

Google Scholar Download Pdf
Abstract

This article tries to explore and analyse the sensibility and rigidity of caste system which is embedded deep into people’s psyche in India and has proved to be the stumbling block of social justice and human rights. The article also attempts to review the work of some of the scholars, which shows how opting for another religion gave the sufferers a chance of fair deal and opportunity to live with honour and self respect.

KEYWORDS:

caste system, social justice, human rights, self respect, people’s psyche.

REFERENCES:

1) Aggarwal, P. 1971 Caste, Religion and Power: An Indian Case Study. New Delhi: Shriram Centre For International Relation.

2) Ahuja, Ram 1993Indian Social System. New Delhi: Rawat Publication.

3) Ambedkar, B. R. 1946 Who Were The Sudras? Bombay: Thacker & Co.

4) — 1948 The Untouchables. New Delhi: Amrit Book & Co.

5) Baisantry, D. K. 1991 Ambedkar; Total Revolution. New Delhi: Segment Book Distributors.

6) Barlov, V. 1984 Indian Philosophy In Modern time. Moscow: Progressive Publishers.

7) Basham, A. L. 1967 The Wonder That Was India. Calcutta: Rupa & Co.

8) Berreman, Gerlad D. 1966Castes In Cross-culture Perspective. Berkeley: Berkeley.

9) Beteille, Andre 1965 Caste, Class & Power. Berkeley: California Press.

10) Bose, P. N. 1944 History Of Hindu civilization. London: Oxford University Press.

11) Buckser, Andrew, and Stephen D. Glazier 2003 The Anthropology Of Religious Conversion. INC: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

12) Bugle, C. 1958The Essence & the Reality of The Caste System. Contribution To Indian sociology 2(2).

13) — 1971 Essay On Caste System. New York: Cambridge Press.

14) Clarke, S. 1998 Dalits & Christianity. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

15) Corringe, Hugo 2005 Untouchable Citizens. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

16) Dangle, Arjun 1992 Poisoned Breed. Bombay: Orient Longman.

17) Das, K. C. 2004Indian Dalits Voices, Visions & Politics. New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House.

18) Das, M. S. 1970 An Exploratory Study Of Touchable-Untouchable Inter-Caste Marriage In India. Indian Journal Of Sociology 1(2):130 to 138.

19) Desai, A. R. 1959Rural Sociology. Bombay: Vora & Co.

20) Dhan, O. R. 1967These Are My Tribes Men; The Oraon Of Ranchi Ranchi: Ranchi Press.

21) Discochers, J. 1993 Methods Of social analysis. Bangalore: C. S. Publication.

22) Dube, S. C. 1988 Modernization & Development. New Delhi: Vistaar Publication.

23) Elvin, V. 1960 Nagaland. Shillong: Research Department.

24) Ember, R. C., and M. Ember 1995 Anthropology. New Delhi: Prentice Hall Of India.

25) Farquhar, J. N. 1977 Modern Religious Movements In India. New Delhi: Munshiram Mohanlal Publisher Pvt. Ltd.

26) Freed, S., and R. Freed 1972mSome Attitude Towards Caste in a North Indian Village. Journal Of Social Science 15(2):1-17.

27) Galanter, Mark 1984 Competing Equalities. London: Oxford University Press.

28) Gandhi, M. K. 1954 The Removal Of Untouchability. Ahmedabad: Navjivan Publishing House.

29) Ghurey, G. S. 1969 Caste & Race In India

30) Bombay: Popular Prakashan.

31) Gough, K. 1971 Caste In A Tanjore Village. In Aspects Of Caste In India. E. Leach, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.

32) Gould, Harold 1987 The Hindu Caste System. New Delhi: Chankya Publication.

33) — 1988 Caste Adaptation In Modernizing Indian Society. New Delhi Chankya Publication.

34) Hardon, J.A 1968religion Of The world. New York: Doubleday Image Book.

35) Howard, C. M. 1986 Contemporary Cultural Anthropology. Boston: Little Brown & Company.

36) Hutton, J. H. 1961 Caste In India: Its Nature, Function & Origin. Bombay: Oxford University Press.

37) Issac, H. R. 1965 India's Ex-Untouchable. New York: The John Day Company.

38) Kang, S. S. 1995 Forward Note. In Human Rights In India: Implementation & Violation. G.S. Bajwa, ed. New Delhi: Anmol Publication.

39) Kapp, William 1963 Hindu Culture. In Economic Development & Economic Planning In India.

40) Kessing, M. F. 1958 Cultural Anthropology: The Science Of custom. New York: Rinehart.

41) Khare, S. 1970 The Changing Brahamins: Association & Elites Among The Kanya-Kubja Of North India. Chicago: University Of Chicago press.

42) Kosambi, Meera 1992 India response To Christianity, Church & Colonialism, Case Of Pandita Ramabai. In Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. October.

43) Kumar, Raj 2000 Dalit Culture: A Perspective From Below. Social Action 1(50).

44) Leach, Edmond 1960 Aspects Of Castes In South India, Ceylon & North- West Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

45) Louis, Prakash 2003 The Political Sociology Of Dalit Assertion. New Delhi

46) Gyan Publishing House.

47) Lourdusamy, S., and Sarita Sahay 1996 The Mythological story Of Gayasura & The Performance Of Sraddha-Yajna In Gaya: Beliefs & Behaviour Patterns Of Hindus. Folklore & Popular Religion 1(1):197-203.

48) Madan, T. N. 1965 Family & Kinship. Bombay Asia Publishing House.

49) Mahar, J. M. 1972 The Untouchable In Contemporary India. Tucson: University Of Arizona Press.

50) Meynand, J. 1963Social Change & Economic Development: UNESCO Publication.

51) Mishra, Nararyan 1975 Some Aspects of Dusadh Of Darbhanga. Indian Journal Of Social Research 28(2).

52) Mishra, Narayan 1979 Studies On The Scheduled Castes In Bihar. In Growth & Development Of Anthropology in Bihar. L.P. Vidyarthi, ed. New Delhi: Classical Publication.

53) Nanda, Serena 1987 Cultural Anthropology. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

54) O'Malley, L. S. S. 1938 Bihar District Gazetteer. Patna: Govt. Of Bihar.

55) Pannikar, K. M. 1955 Hindu society At Cross Road. Bombay: Asia Publication.

56) Phule, J. 1991 Untouchables. In Collected Works Of Mahatma Jotu Rao Phule

57) P.G. Patil, ed. Pp. 39-40. Bombay: Government Of Maharashtra.

58) Ram, Nandu 1988 The Mobile scheduled Castes: The Rise Of New Middle Class. New Delhi: Hindustan Publishing House.

59) Rao, R. S 1989 Caste System In India: Myth & Reality. New Delhi India Publisher.

60) Rawat, G. S. 2005 The Status Of Dalit & Human Right In India. New Delhi: Sumit Enterprises.

61) Report 1979The Community On Untouchability. New Delhi: Department Of social Welfare, Government Of India.

62) Reuters 2007 Indian Low-caste Hindus, Nomads Convert en Masse. Bombay: Monday 28 May, 2007, 11.05 AM

63) RoyBurman, B. K. 1977 The problems Of Untouchables. R. Thaper, ed. New Delhi: Tribe, Caste & Religion In India.

64) Sachchidananda 1977 The Harijan Elite. Faridabad: Thomson Press.

65) Sahay, K. N. 1975 Christianity As An agency Of Tribal Welfare In India. In Applied anthropology In India. L.P. Vidyarthi, ed. New Delhi Kitab Mahal.

66) —1976 Under The Shadow Of Cross. Calcutta: ISRAA.

67) Sahay, Sarita 1993 Job-Motivation & Job-Preference Of Working Women In Different White Collar Jobs At Ranchi. Bulletin Of Bihar Tribal Welfare Research Institute 32(1):39-48.

68) — 2000 Folktales Of Bihar: An Anthropological Perspective. Folklore 13, http://haldjas.folklore.ee.

69) —2002 Tribal Women In The New Profile: Anmol Publications, New Delhi.

70) Samuel, J. 1999 Religion International. London: Oxford.

71) Sandhawar, A. N. 1973 The Methods Of Christian Conversion Among The Tribals: The Korwa Of Palamu. Journal Of Social Research 16(1):87-92.

72) Seenarine, Moses 2004 Education & Empowerment Among Dalit (Untouchable) Women Of India. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press.

73) Sen, Jyoti 1960 Missionaries Activities In Chotanagpur. Journal of Social Research 3(2):128-131.

74) Shinde, Tarabai 1992 Stri Purush Tulna (in Hindi). Nagpur: Asok Publication.

75) Singer, Milton 1959 Traditional India: Structure & Change. Philadelphia.

76) Singer, Milton, and Bernardcohn 1968 Structure & Change In Indian Society. Chicago.

77) Singh, I. 1944 The Gondwana & The Gonds. Lucknow: Lucknow Press.

78) Singh, Ramgopal, and Ravindra D. Gadkar 2004 Restoration Of Human Rights & Dignity To Dalits. New Delhi: Manak Publication.

79) Singh, Y. 1977 Social Stratification & social Change In India. New Delhi: Classical Publication.

80) — 1993 Modernization of Indian Tradition. Jaipur: Rawat Publication.

81) Sinha, S. 1967 Caste In India: Its Essential Pattern Of Socio-Cultural Integration. In Caste & Race. A.R.J. Knight, ed. Boston: Little Brown.

82) Srinivas, M. N. 1952 Religion & Society Among The Coorgs Of South India. Bombay: Oxford University Press.

83) — 1962 Caste In Modern India & Other Essays. Bombay: Media Publishers.

84) Thaper, Romilla 1988 Bharat Ka Itihas (in Hindi). New Delhi: Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt. Ltd.

85) Tharamangalam, J. 1966 Caste Among Christian In India. In Castes: Its Twentieth Century Avatar. M.N. Srinivas, ed. New Delhi: Viking.

86) Thomas, M. N., and R. W. Taylor 1965 Tribal Awakening. Bangalore.

87) Vidyarthi, L. P., and N. Mishra 1975 Harijan Today. New Delhi: Classical Publication.

88) Weber, M. 1958 The Religion Of India: The Sociology Of Hinduism & Buddhism. New York: Free Press.

VOlUME 05 ISSUE 03 MARCH 2022

There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.


Indexed In

Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar